Dialect and Idiolect

DEFINITION

A variety of language that is characteristic of particular group of the language speaker.
A language socially subordinate to a regional or national standard language.
For example, in our national language (Bahasa Indonesia) there are several dialects, Javanese dialect, Sundanese dialect, Dayak dialect, etc.
Dialect can be distinguished by:
a. Vocabulary
For example: “apo” (to say what) in Minangkabau can be “opo” in Javanese.
b. Grammar
For example :
• “Tell me what do you know” >> Standard Lg.
• “Tell me what thou knowest” >> Yorkshire dialect
c. Pronunciation
American English:
• “duty” is pronounced /d’i:ti/
British English:
• “duty” is pronounced /’dju:ti/
In Betawi dialect a word ending in “a” >> “e”
• kemana >> kemane
• siapa >> siape
KINDS OF DIALECT
• Standard Dialect
A standard dialect is a dialect that is supported by institution. There may be multiple standard dialect associated with a single language for example Standard American English, Standard Canadian English etc.
• Non-Standard Dialect
A non standard dialect is a dialect that is not beneficiary of institutional support for example Southern American English or Newfoundland English.
• Regional Dialect
A Regional dialect is a dialect which is spoken in certain area or place for example Minagkabau dialect, Javanese dialect.
• Social Dialect or Sociolect
A social dialect is a dialect which is spoken by certain group for example teenager’s dialect, bahasa gaul, bahasa alay.
• Temporal Dialect
A temporal dialect is dialect which is spoken in certain period of time for example Middle English dialect.
IDIOLECT
• Idiolect is a variety of language that is unique to individual.
• Idiolect is concerning with the “colour” of choice of choice of words, language style, sentence order, etc.

Source : https://penandpiano.wordpress.com/2012/11/12/dialect-and-idiolect/comment-page-1/

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